Since my ENT (ear, nose and throat) exam in on the 29th and I have been looking for materials for my exam preparations everywhere, I guess Sinusitis is a good topic to start on.
1. Everybody has sinuses.
Yes. Everyone. It's a common misconception to go around complaining of "having sinuses".
Sinus in Latin means a "fold", or a "Pocket". Anatomically, they are air-filled spaces inside the bones .
Paranasal means "Around the nose". We have a few sinuses scattered around the general area of our nose in the skull and face area. They are called, collectively, "Paranasal Sinuses".
The suffix "-itis" in Latin means "Inflammation", therefore if a word ends with "-itis", it means inflammation of that part.
2. Knowing this, now "Sinusitis" makes sense, doesn't it, if I tell you it means "Inflammation of air-filled spaces inside the skull bones" ?
3. Paranasal Sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity. .
When the communication (pathway) between the nose and the sinus is blocked, by your mucus,for example, inflammation can occur, and infections develop easily because bacteria can grow.
4. We have four groups of paranasal sinuses, mainly Frontal, Ethmoidal, Maxillary and Sphenoidal.
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5.
The Anatomy and Pathology of Paranasal Sinuses
6. What happened to my sinuses? What causes the inflammation?
Anything that causes swelling in your sinuses or keeps the cilia from moving mucus can cause sinusitis.
This can occur because of changes in temperature or air pressure. Allergies can cause sinusitis. Using decongestant nasal sprays too much, smoking, swimming or diving can also increase your risk of getting sinusitis. Some people have growths called polyps that block their sinus passages.
When sinusitis is caused by a bacterial or viral infection, you get a sinus infection. Sinus infections sometimes occur after you’ve had a cold. The cold virus attacks the lining of your sinuses, causing them to swell and become narrow. Your body responds to the virus by producing more mucus, but it gets blocked in your swollen sinuses. This built-up mucus is a good place for bacteria to grow. The bacteria can cause a sinus infection.
6. How long do sinusitis attacks last?
Sinusitis can be acute (<12>
7. How do I know whether I have sinusitis?
Pain or pressure in the forehead, cheeks, nose and between the eyes
Headache , Fever , Nasal congestion with thick and discolored mucous
Reduced sense of smell
An ache in the teeth
are the common complaints of patients with sinusitis.
8. How does the doctor confirm that I have sinusitis?
9. What are the treatments for Sinusitis?
The goals of treatment are to:
Improve drainage of mucus and reduce swelling in the sinuses.
Relieve pain and pressure.
Clear up any infection.
Prevent the formation of scar tissue, and avoid permanent damage to the tissues lining the nose and sinuses.
- Antibiotics , such as amoxicillin, which kill bacteria.
- Decongestants , such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, which reduce the swelling of the mucous membranes in the nose.
- Analgesics , such as aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen, to relieve pain.
- Mucolytics, such as guaifenesin, which thin the mucus.
- Corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone dipropionate or prednisone, which reduce inflammation in the nasal passages. These medications may also be used as an inhaled nasal spray.
10. How is endoscopic surgery for sinusitis performed?
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